M.D. · General Surgery Specialist
Muhammed İkbal Akın
General surgery specialist pursuing clinical and academic work in gastrointestinal surgery, laparoscopic surgery and endoscopy.
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2010 — 2016 · Medical degree
Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
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2018 — 2024 · Residency
Marmara University
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2025 — Present · GI surgery
Koşuyolu Hospital
- ORCID 0000-0002-9638-4031
A comprehensive approach to surgical care.
From diagnosis through treatment and follow-up, medical necessity, current evidence and each patient's individual needs are considered together.
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Gastrointestinal Surgery
Evaluation and treatment of surgical diseases of the digestive tract, from the oesophagus to the anal canal, and of abdominal organs such as the liver, biliary tract and pancreas.
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Laparoscopic Surgery
Minimally invasive techniques performed, in suitable patients, through small abdominal incisions using a camera and dedicated instruments.
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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Examination of the digestive tract from the inside with gastroscopy and colonoscopy, including biopsy and polyp removal when needed.
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General Surgery
Diagnosis, surgical treatment and follow-up of conditions within general surgery, including abdominal wall hernias, emergency conditions and trauma.
Tab. I · Tractus digestorius
Digestive tract atlas.
From the oesophagus to the anal canal: the structure of each region, the main conditions that may require surgical evaluation, and related scientific work. Select a region on the drawing or from the list.
01 · Oesophagus
Oesophagus
A muscular tube about 25 cm long connecting the throat to the stomach. It runs through the chest and enters the abdomen through an opening in the diaphragm called the hiatus, where it joins the stomach.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- Hiatal hernia
- Achalasia
- Oesophageal tumours
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
02 · Gaster
Stomach
Located in the upper left abdomen between the oesophagus and the duodenum. It stores food and continues digestion with acid and enzymes; protein digestion begins here. The pyloric muscle at its outlet regulates passage into the small bowel.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Gastric cancer
- Complications of peptic ulcer (bleeding, perforation)
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)
- Gastric outlet obstruction
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Related work
Professional membership National Gastric Cancer Association
03 · Hepar
Liver
The largest internal organ, lying in the upper right abdomen just beneath the diaphragm. It produces bile and plays a central role in processing and storing nutrients and neutralising harmful substances. It has a dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and the portal vein.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Liver tumours (primary and metastatic)
- Hydatid cyst
- Liver abscess
- Traumatic liver injury
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Professional membership Turkish Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Association
04 · Vesica biliaris
Gallbladder and biliary tract
A pear-shaped sac on the underside of the liver that stores and concentrates the bile the liver produces. Bile reaches the duodenum through the common bile duct.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Gallstones
- Acute cholecystitis
- Common bile duct stones and obstructive jaundice
- Gallbladder polyps and tumours
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Professional membership Turkish Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Association
05 · Pancreas
Pancreas
A gland lying horizontally behind the stomach along the back wall of the abdomen. It produces digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin; its head sits within the C-shaped curve of the duodenum.
In the drawing, the stomach and large bowel in front are made transparent to reveal the pancreas behind them.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Pancreatic tumours
- Complications of acute pancreatitis
- Chronic pancreatitis
- Cystic lesions of the pancreas
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Professional membership Turkish Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Association
06 · Intestinum tenue
Small bowel
Made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum and several metres in length. Most of the digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place here.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Adhesive small bowel obstruction
- Bowel strangulation in a hernia
- Complications of Crohn's disease
- Small bowel tumours
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Related work
07 · Appendix vermiformis
Appendix
A blind-ended, finger-like projection a few centimetres long arising from the caecum, the first part of the large bowel, in the lower right abdomen.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Acute appendicitis
- Complicated appendicitis (perforation, abscess)
- Appendiceal tumours
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
08 · Colon
Large bowel
About 1.5 metres long, running from the caecum to the rectum and framing the small bowel. It completes the absorption of water and salts and forms stool. The cross-lines in the drawing show the colon's pouch-like folds (haustra).
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Colon cancer
- Colonic polyps
- Diverticulitis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Related work
09 · Rectum et canalis analis
Rectum and anal canal
The final part of the large bowel. The rectum stores stool; the anal canal, surrounded by the sphincter muscles, provides continence.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Rectal cancer
- Haemorrhoidal disease
- Anal fissure and fistula
- Faecal incontinence
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Related work
- 2026Total mesorectal excision quality as a predictor of overall survival in rectal cancerTurkish Journal of Surgery
- 2024Home-based anal biofeedback in faecal incontinence treatmentColorectal Disease
- 2022Low anterior resection syndrome after sphincter-sparing rectal cancer surgeryAnnali Italiani di Chirurgia
10 · Paries abdominis
Abdominal wall
The layers of muscle and connective tissue that enclose the abdominal organs at the front and sides. Hernias may develop where abdominal contents push through weak points. Penetrating injuries can pass through the wall, and blunt trauma can injure the organs beneath it.
Conditions that may need surgical evaluation
- Inguinal hernia
- Umbilical and anterior abdominal wall hernias
- Incisional hernias
- Penetrating and blunt abdominal trauma
Main diagnostic and treatment methods
Related work
Professional membership National Trauma and Emergency Surgery Association
The atlas is for general information; the schematic drawing is not to scale and does not cover every condition. Diagnosis and treatment decisions are made individually after examination by a physician. General reference for organ descriptions: NIDDK — Your Digestive System & How it Works.
Evaluation and treatment process.
From diagnosis to follow-up, the process rests on sound indications, clear information and communication built on trust. The steps below summarise the general course of planned abdominal surgery; each patient's path is shaped by their own clinical situation.
- i.Evidence-based practiceEvaluation and planning guided by current scientific evidence.
- ii.Open communicationExplaining diagnoses and treatment options in clear, transparent language.
- iii.Individualised planningAssessing each patient's clinical picture and needs individually.
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Step 01
Evaluation
History, physical examination and the necessary tests: blood work, imaging and, when needed, endoscopy. For some conditions such as cancer, the treatment plan is agreed in multidisciplinary boards that bring several specialties together.
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Step 02
Information and consent
The proposed procedure, why it is needed, any alternatives, possible risks and the expected recovery are discussed. Informed consent is obtained once your questions have been answered.
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Step 03
Preparing for surgery
An anaesthesia assessment is carried out. Instructions on your medications (especially blood thinners and diabetes medicines) and on fasting are followed as advised by your physician; do not stop medications on your own. Stopping smoking supports recovery.
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Step 04
Surgery and early recovery
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principles, used in many centres, include early eating, early mobilisation and effective pain control in suitable patients.
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Step 05
Discharge and follow-up
Advice on wound care, activity and diet is given at discharge. Follow-up visits review recovery and, where applicable, pathology results.
Preparing for your visit
Questions you may ask your surgeon
You can take this list to your appointment and note the answers.
After surgery
Symptoms that need prompt medical attention
- Fever of 38.3 °C or higher, a fever that will not go away, or chills
- Abdominal pain that keeps getting worse or is not relieved by painkillers
- Increasing redness, swelling, discharge or opening at the wound
- Persistent nausea or vomiting; inability to pass gas or stool
- Shortness of breath, chest pain, swollen legs or calf pain
- Bleeding that will not stop, black or bloody stools
- Yellowing of the eyes or skin
If you notice these symptoms, contact the hospital where you had surgery or go to the nearest emergency department. In an emergency, call 112 in Türkiye or your local emergency number.
The information in this section is general and does not replace your own physician's advice. Sources: ERAS Society guidelines; American College of Surgeons — Questions to Ask before Having an Operation; ACS — Medication and Surgery; MedlinePlus discharge pages: Large bowel resection – discharge, Gallbladder removal (laparoscopic) – discharge and Surgical wound care – closed.
“I dressed his wounds; God healed him.”
Ambroise ParéPioneer of Modern Surgery · 1510–1590
Education, experience and
continuous development.
A graduate of Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Muhammed İkbal Akın completed his residency in general surgery at Marmara University School of Medicine.
He currently serves as a fellow at the Gastroenterology Surgery Clinic of Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital. He continues to deepen his professional focus in minimally invasive surgery, gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and endoscopy, while contributing to national and international scientific publications.
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Istanbul University
Istanbul Faculty of Medicine · Medical Education
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Sarıyer Community Health Center
General Practitioner · Compulsory Service
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Marmara University
School of Medicine · General Surgery Residency
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İnebolu State Hospital
General Surgeon · State Service
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Koşuyolu High Specialization Hospital
Gastroenterology Surgery · Fellow
Professional Memberships & Roles
- International Surgical Gastroenterology and Oncology Association Founder Founding Member · Supervisory Board · 2025
- Cancer and Obesity Association Supervisory Board Member · 2026
- Turkish Surgical Society Member · 2024
- National Trauma and Emergency Surgery Association Member · 2022
- Turkish Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Association Member · 2026
- National Gastric Cancer Association Member · 2026
Scientific Work
Research and
academic output.
Peer-reviewed publications in general surgery and gastrointestinal surgery.
ORCID academic profilePrognostic Performance of Lymph Node Ratio and Log Odds of Positive Lymph Nodes in Colorectal Cancer: A Comparative Analysis with pN Stage
Argın V, Sunar AO, Bezir N, Akın Mİ, et al.
Abdominal gunshot wounds: evaluating the role of computed tomography in surgical timing and decision-making
Akın Mİ, Bulut A, Ergenç M, Uprak TK, et al.
Total mesorectal excision quality as a predictor of overall survival in rectal cancer
Bulut A, Akın Mİ, Dağdemir B, et al.
Oral antibiotic therapy without hospitalization in uncomplicated acute appendicitis
Bulut A, Akın Mİ, Görgülü V, et al.
A comparative evaluation of laparoscopic TAPP videos on YouTube and WebSurg
Bulut A, Akın Mİ
Innovative home-based anal biofeedback application in faecal incontinence treatment — a video vignette
Attaallah W, Akın Mİ
Prognostic significance of metastatic lymph node ratio in gastric cancer: a Western-center analysis
Ergenç M, Uprak TK, Akın Mİ, et al.
Factors Predicting Surgical Treatment in Patients with Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction
Uprak TK, Akın Mİ, Coşkun M, et al.
Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) after sphincter-sparing rectal cancer surgery
Yazıcı H, Dalkılıç MS, Akın Mİ, et al.
Congress Presentations
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2023
14th National Trauma and Emergency Surgery Congress · Antalya
The impact of abdominal computed tomography on surgical decisions and time factors in patients with abdominal gunshot injuries
Oral Presentation -
2021
18th Turkish Colon and Rectal Surgery Congress · Antalya Oral Presentation
Courses & Certificates
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2024
X. International Onco Surgery Days · Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa
Intraoperative Ultrasound Course
Course Attendance · Certificate
Institution and
contact details.
Dr. Muhammed İkbal Akın serves as a public-sector physician (civil servant) at the Gastroenterology Surgery Clinic of Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Training and Research Hospital, an institution of the Turkish Ministry of Health. Examinations and treatment are provided exclusively at this public hospital, and appointments are arranged through the Ministry of Health Central Physician Appointment System (MHRS). No appointments are made through this website; no private practice or paid consultancy is offered.
- Institution
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Kartal Koşuyolu High Specialization Hospital — Gastroenterology Surgery Clinic
Denizer Cad. Cevizli Kavşağı No: 2, Cevizli, 34865 Kartal / Istanbul - Appointments
- Arranged only via mhrs.gov.tr or the Alo 182 call centre. Appointment requests cannot be taken by e-mail or social media.
- ikbalakin34@gmail.com For academic and professional correspondence only; medical advice cannot be provided by e-mail.